Their ranges overlap, but they have been shown to be genetically distinct. The two ecotypes of the common bottlenose dolphin within the western North Atlantic are represented by the shallower water or coastal ecotype and the more offshore ecotype. Much of the discussion and doubts about its taxonomy is related to the existence of two ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins in many part of its distribution. The American Society of Mammalogists also recognizes only two species while acknowledging the studies describing T. The IUCN, on their Red List of endangered species, also recognises only two species of bottlenose dolphins. gillii), that inhabits the Pacific, and has a black line from the eye to the forehead. Other sources also accept the Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( T. ponticus), that lives in the Black Sea, and Lahille's bottlenose dolphin ( T. aduncus, and two subspecies: the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin ( T. The Society for Marine Mammalogy's Committee on Taxonomy, presently recognizes only two species, T. gephyreus, that occurs in coastal waters of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil. Also, evidence has been accumulating to validate the existence of a separate species, Lahille's bottlenose dolphin, T. aduncus, both in morphology and genetics. (aduncus) australis), found in the Port Phillip and Gippsland Lakes areas of Victoria, Australia, after research showed it was distinct from T. In 2011, a third distinct species was described, the Burrunan dolphin ( T. aduncus), that lives in coastal waters around India, northern Australia, South China, the Red Sea, and the eastern coast of Africa. truncatus), found in coastal and oceanic habitats of most tropical to temperate oceans, and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( T. Since the late 1990s and early 2000s, most researchers acknowledged the existence of two species: the common bottlenose dolphin ( T. In the past, most studies used morphology to evaluate differences between and within species, but in the late 20th century, combining morphological and molecular genetics allowed much greater insight into this previously intractable problem. Scientists have been long aware of the fact that the Tursiops dolphins might consist of more than one species, as there is extensive variation in color and morphology along its range. This more than likely contributes to their high intelligence and emotional intelligence. Some encounters with humans are harmful to the dolphins: people hunt them for food, and dolphins are killed inadvertently as a bycatch of tuna fishing and by getting caught in crab traps.īottlenose dolphins have the third largest encephalization levels of any mammal on Earth (humans have the largest, followed by Northern Right whale dolphins), sharing close ratios with those of humans and other cetaceans, while being twice as high of other great apes. In some areas, they cooperate with local fishermen by driving fish into their nets and eating the fish that escape. They have also been trained by militaries to locate sea mines or detect and mark enemy divers. Bottlenose dolphins gained popularity from aquarium shows and television programs such as Flipper. They can use tools (sponging using marine sponges to forage for food sources they normally could not access) and transmit cultural knowledge from generation to generation, and their considerable intelligence has driven interaction with humans. Numerous investigations of bottlenose dolphin intelligence have been conducted, examining mimicry, use of artificial language, object categorization, and self-recognition. Their name derives from the Latin tursio (dolphin) and truncatus for their characteristic truncated teeth. Bottlenose dolphins inhabit warm and temperate seas worldwide, being found everywhere except for the Arctic and Antarctic Circle regions. Others, like the Burrunan dolphin ( Tursiops (aduncus) australis), may be alternately considered their own species or be subspecies of T. Molecular studies show the genus definitively contains two species: the common bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus) and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops aduncus). They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins. Bottlenose dolphins are aquatic mammals in the genus Tursiops.
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